|
|
|
|
|
Genetic biodiversity
An important conservation consequence of
this is that even if an endangered species is saved from extinction it has probably lost
some of its internal diversity. Consequently, when populations expand again, they become
more genetically uniform than their ancestors. There are mathematical formulas to express
a genetically effective population size that explain the genetic effects on populations
that have gone through a bottleneck before expanding again such as the African cheetah or
the North American bison. Subsequent inbreeding in small populations may result in: Genetic differentiation within species occurs as a result of sexual reproduction, in which genetic differences between individuals are combined in their offspring to produce new combinations of genes or from mutations causing changes in the DNA. Genetic diversity is usually mentioned with reference to agriculture and maintaining food security. This is because genetic erosion of several crops has already occurred leading to the world's dependence for food on just a few species. Currently, a mere 100-odd species account for 90% of the supply of food crops, and three crops – rice, maize, and wheat – account for 69% of the calories and 56% of the proteins that people derive from plants.
For more information on Genetic biodiversity link to
|
All forms of life on
earth, whether microbes, plants, animals, or human beings, contain genes. Genetic
diversity is the sum of genetic information contained in the genes of individual plants,
animals, and micro-organisms. Each species is the storehouse of an immense amount of
genetic information in the form of traits, characteristics, etc. The number of genes
ranges from about 1000 in bacteria to more than 400 000 in many flowering plants. Each
species consists of many organisms and virtually no two members of the same species are
genetically identical. 